C/EBPα in multiple myeloma patients may lead to increased hepcidin / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of hepcidin increase in multiple myeloma patients. The clinical information and peripheral venous blood of eligible patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma were collected. Serum concentration of IL-6 was detected by ELISA. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by CD14⁺ magnetic beads. The expression of hepcidin, IL-6 and C/EBPα mRNA of monocytes were detected by real time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the hemoglobin level was reduced in 17 multiple myeloma patients enrolled in study (97.8 ± 27.5 g/L), showing the characteristics of anemia of chronic disease. The hepcidin and C/EBPα expression of peripheral blood monocytes significantly increased (P < 0.01), serum IL-6 was also higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.01). Serum IL-6 positively correlated with monocyte hepcidin and C/EBPα expression (P < 0.05); monocyte C/EBPα expression positively correlated with monocyte hepcidin expression (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the elevated IL-6 may induce hepcidin expression through up-regulating C/EBPα in untreated myeloma patients.

Peripheral blood monocyte hepcidin in patients with multiple myeloma is associated with anemia of chronic disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

Disorders of iron utilization caused by abnormal elevation of hepcidin levels are the main mechanism of anemia of chronic disease. Hepcidin is mainly produced by the liver. Recently it has been found that monocytes are another source of hepcidin. The increased hepcidin in serum and urine of multiple myeloma patients may be one cause of anemia of chronic disease (ACD). However it is unclear whether the peripheral blood monocyte hepcidin is involved in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease. This study was purposed to investigate the role of monocyte hepcidin in multiple myeloma patients with anemia of chronic disease. The clinical data and peripheral venous blood of multiple myeloma patients were collected.Serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by ELISA. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by CD14(+) magnetic beads. Hepcidin, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA of monocytes were detected by real time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the expression level of monocyte hepcidin mRNA in myeloma patients was higher than that in normal controls. In untreated patients, the expression level of monocyte hepcidin mRNA was negatively correlated with hemoglobin, and positively correlated with serum ferritin and IL-6 levels, but unrelated with TNF-α levels.It is concluded that the increased monocyte hepcidin levels in multiple myeloma patients may play an etiologic role in ACD.

Ex vivo expansion and clonal variation of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from bone marrow in children with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the isolation, purification and ex vivo expansion of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from the bone marrow of children with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), to evaluate the capability of long-term hematopoietic reconstruction of the expanded CD34(+)CD59(+) cells, and to provide a laboratory basis for novel treatment of PNH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD34(+)CD59(+) cells were isolated from the bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with PNH using immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometer in sequence. The isolated cells were subjected to ex vivo expansion in the presence of different combinations of hematopoietic growth factors for two weeks. The colony-forming cells and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) were cultured and counted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal combination of hematopoietic growth factors for ex vivo expansion was stem cell factor+interleukin (IL)-3+IL-6+FLT3 ligand+thrombopoietin+ery-thropoietin, and maximum expansion (30.4 ± 6.7 folds) was seen on day 7 of days 4 to 14 of ex vivo expansion. After ex vivo expansion, CD34(+)CD59(+) cells remained CD59-positive, retained strong capability of forming colony-forming units, and could still form LTC-ICs. There was no significant difference in capability of forming LTC-ICs between CD34(+)CD59(+) cells before and after expansion. The expansion capability of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from children with PNH was significantly lower than that of CD34(+) cells from normal controls (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from children with PNH can be expanded in vitro. Post-expansion CD34(+)CD59(+) cells retain capability of long-term hematopoietic reconstruction. CD34(+)CD59(+) cells showed no trend towards PNH clone during culture. Ex vivo expansion of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from children with PNH might be practical in performing autologous transplantation clinically for these children.</p>

Effect of erythropoietin on proinflammatory factors of human monocytes and its mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major means of treating anemia of chronic disease (ACD) through stimulating hematopoiesis, inhibiting hepcidin and decreasing proinflammatory factors. Recently, it has been found that monocytes are another source of hepcidin. EPO can reduce the hepcidin stimulated by IL-6 in monocytes, it is assumed that EPO can reduce hepcidin indirectly by reducing IL-6. However, the specific mechanism of EPO inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes is unclear now. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of EPO on monocyte proinflammatory factors and its molecular mechanism. IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA were detected by real time PCR, level of signaling molecule PARP-1 protein was detected by Western blot. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated by 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to observe the impact of EPO at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 U/ml) for different time (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours) on the expression of IL-6 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and PARP-1 protein. 1 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml EPO receptor (EPOR) antibody and/or 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB, PARP-1 inhibitor) were added to observe the antagonistic effect on EPO and the impact on PARP-1. The results showed that LPS could stimulate the THP-1 cells. EPO could decrease the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α stimulated by LPS in a dose- and time-dependent manners. The most significant decrease in IL-6 mRNA expression was observed in 2 U/ml EPO for 6 hours. And down-regulation of TNF-α mRNA expression was pronounced at 10 U/ml EPO for 3 hours. IL-6 mRNA expression could be stimulated by LPS, PARP-1 protein was induced at the same time. EPO inhibited the expression of IL-6 mRNA, while PARP-1 protein also decreased. Down-regulation of IL-6 mRNA and PARP-1 protein level was pronounced at 2 U/ml EPO for 6 hours. 3AB is a direct inhibitor of PARP-1. Similar to 3AB, EPO receptor antibody could antagonize the decline of IL-6 induced by EPO. It is concluded that EPO can inhibit the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes, and the inhibition of IL-6 expression may be associated with decrease of PARP level.

The effects and mechanisms of erythropoietin on hepcidin of human monocytes / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the in vitro effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on hepcidin of monocytes and its molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hepcidin and signaling molecules including C/EBPalpha, Smad1/5/8, p-Smad1/5/8 and p-STAT3 were detected by real time PCR and Western blot. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). EPO receptor (EPOR) antibody was added to observe its antagonistic effect on EPO and impact on the signaling proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EPO suppressed mRNA expression of THP-1 hepcidin of monocytes induced by 20 ng/ml IL-6 or 1 microg/ml LPS in both dose and time dependent manner. The most decrease of hepcidin expression was observed at 2 IU/ml EPO for 6 hours. EPO also down-regulated hepcidin protein induced by 20 ng/ml IL-6. At 2 IU/ml EPO for 6 hours hepcidin protein was down-regulated, as was C/EBPalpha, p-Smad1/5/8 and p-STAT3. Antibody to EPOR antagonized the down-regulation of EPO on hepcidin and signaling proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Monocytes hepcidin can be reduced by EPO when stimulated by IL-6 or LPS. The mechanism of which may be at least in part, via suppression of C/EBPalpha, p-Smad1/5/8 and p-STAT3 signaling.</p>

Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on hepcidin mRNA expression in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of multiple myeloma patients' sera on hepcidin mRNA expression of Hep-3b hepatoma cell line and effect of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) antibody or recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on hepcidin mRNA expression. The clinical information and serum of multiple myeloma patients were collected. Their sera of a final concentration of 10% were added into Hep-3b cell medium. The mRNA from Hep-3b cells was extracted, and hepcidin mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A final concentration of 10 ng/ml human IL-6 antibody and 2 U/ml rhEPO were added into the medium respectively. The results showed that the sera of untreated multiple myeloma patients elevated hepcidin mRNA expression of Hep-3b cells, compared with healthy controls and iron deficiency anemia patients. This effect was fully neutralized by human IL-6 antibody or rhEPO. The hemoglobin (Hb) level was stable during the follow up of regularly treated multiple myeloma patients and the effect of MM patient serum on Hep-3b cell hepcidin mRNA expression was reduced. It is concluded that the hepcidin mRNA expression of Hep-3b cell can be increased by untreated multiple myeloma patient serum. This promotive effect can be antagonised by IL-6, which suggests that IL-6 may be possible to elevate expression level of hepcidin in Hep-3b cells and results in anemia of chronic disease (ACD). The above mentioned promotive effects also can be suppressed by rhEPO, which indicates that the rhEPO may possess curative effect for ACD disease. During short-term follow-up of treated patients with multiple myeloma the Hb level is stable, the influence of patients serum on hepcidin mRNA of Hep-3b cells decreases, which shows the stabilization of disease and amelioration of ACD patient status.

Effect of apogossypolone on induction apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and its mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction of multiple myeloma cells and its mechanism. The effects of ApopG2 on cell growth, cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined by Hoechst 33258 staining, DNA ladder formation and subdiploid peak analysis respectively. Cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was analyzed by colorimetric assay. Expression of BCL-2 and BCL-XL was detected by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the ApoG2 inhibited multiple myeloma cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manners, with IC(50) value to both U266 and Wusl cells at 0.1 and 0.2 micromol/L at 48 hours after treatment. ApoG2 effectively inhibited the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells, the IC(50) value in U266 cells and Wusl cells (at 48 hours) were 0.1 micromol/L and 0.2 micromol/L respectively. ApoG2 could induce the apoptosis of cells of myeloma in a time-dependent manner.The typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed under transmission electron microscope, while DNA ladder formation and remarkable peak of subdiploid cells appeared. ApoG2 could arrest the myeloma cells in G(2) phase, increasing from 9.7%(0 micromol/L) to 19.6% (10 micromol/L) in U266 cells and 9.8%(0 micromol/L) to 31.7% (10 micromol/L) in Wusl cells. ApoG2 could induce increase of caspase 9 and caspase 3 activity and down-regulate the expression of BCL-XL in U266 and Wusl cells, as well as the expression of BCL-2 in Wusl cells. It is concluded that ApoG2 has significant effect of antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis on multiple myeloma cells in vitro, ant its mechanisms may involve in down-regulation of BCL-2/BCL-XL and in change of cell cycle.

Prognostic differences among different age limits in Chinese elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasible age limits in Chinese elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 507 patients with NHL who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from January 1990 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. They were further followed up by reviewing medical records or by phone. The deadline of follow-up was October 2008.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 5-year/8-year overall survival (OS) rates were 64.6%/45.7%, 53.0%/ 44.1%, 32.8%/17.5%, 40.0%/22.8%, and 19.8%/0, respectively, in patients aged < 60 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, and > or = 75 years. The OS rate was significantly different between patients aged > or = 75 years and other age groups, and between patients aged 65-70 years and patients younger than 60 years (P < 0.05). Only age, serum albumin, and hemoglobin affected the survival status in elderly NHL patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sixty-five years can be regarded as the age limit in Chinese NHL patients.</p>

Ex vivo expansion of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and their hematopoietic reconstitution capability in irradiated nude mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the expansion and hematopoietic reconstitution capability of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) by using BALB/c nude mice so as to provide experimental basis for clinical anto-BMT or auto-PBHSCT in patients with PNH. CD34(+)CD59(+) cells were selected from the bone marrow mononuclear cells in normal persons and PNH patients by immunomagnetic positive double sorting and were engrafted sublethally irradiated BALB/c nude mice. The human CD45(+) cells in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood of recipient mice were detected by flow cytometry and DNA assay. The results showed that the CD34(+)CD59(+) cells in PNH patient group and normal person group could expanded ex vivo, but ex vivo expansion capability of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells in PNH patient group at day 7 seemed inferior to that in normal control. While CD34(+)CD59(+) cells of PNH patients and normal persons were transfused into recipient mice, the human CD45(+) cells could be detected in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood at 6 weeks after transfusion, but there was no statistical difference in counts of CD45 cells between 2 groups. It is concluded that CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from PNH patients may keep characteristics of normal hematopoietic stem cells, and possess ability to expand ex vivo and support hemopoiesis.

DNA content and cell cycle analysis of myeloma cells in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the genetic background and proliferation characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM). Myeloma cells were isolated from bone marrow of 19 MM patients by direct immunomagnetic cell sorting and the DNA content and cell cycle analysis were carried out by flow cytometry. The results showed that in 4 patients the myeloma cells were found to be hyperdiploid and in 15 patients those were found to be diploid respectively by DNA content analysis; the proportion of plasm cells from normal controls in S + G(2)/M phase was (1.15 +/- 0.60)%, and that of myeloma cells from MM patients was (10.06 +/- 12.60)% which was significantly higher than that in the former (p = 0.001). The incidence of hyperdiploid in newly diagnosed patients was 11.76%, and that of treated patients was 100.00% which was significantly higher than that in the former (p = 0.035); the proportion of myeloma cells from newly diagnosed patients in S + G(2)/M phase was (7.12 +/- 4.98)%, and that of treated patients was (35.10 +/- 32.56)% which was also significantly higher than that in the former (p = 0.001). It is concluded that the variety of myeloma cells in DNA content and cell cycle suggests the complicated genetic background and abnormal proliferation of MM, which relate with the course of disease to some extent.

Detection of deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 and translocation of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance of the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 [del (13 q) ] and translocation of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene [t (14 q) I in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myeloma cells were isolated from hone marrow by direct immunomagnetic cell sorting and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in 24 MM patients to detect del (l3q) and t (l4q).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of del (l3q) and t (l4q) were 45.83% and 37.50% respectively. Five patients (20.83%) had both two abnormalities and 15 patients (62.50%) had at least one abnormality. Univariate analysis showed that the positive rates of del (l3q) were 35.71% and 66.67% in responders and non-responders (P = 0.214) and the positive rates of t (l4q) were 21.43% and 66. 67% in responders and non-responders (P = 0.077). Multivariate analysis showed that del (13q) (OR = 5.761, 95% CI 0.500-66.391, P = 0.160), t (14q) (OR = 6.576, 95% CI 0.580-74.614, P = 0.129), and corrected serum calcium level (OR = 8.080, 95% CI 0.738-88.427, P = 0.087) were relatively independent negative factors for response to therapy, with the corrected serum calcium level being the strongest reversely-correlated factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Interphase FISH is a sensitive method to investigate the cytogenetics of MM. Del (13q), t (14q), and corrected serum calcium level can be used to predict treatment response and prognosis.</p>

Nude mice intraperitoneally transfused with ex vivo expanded bone marrow CD34+ CD59+ cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria / 中国实验血液学杂志

Ex vivo expanded human bone marrow CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) were transplanted into BALB/c mice in order to investigate their proliferation ability and reconstruction of hemopoiesis, and to lay the groundwork for clinical ABMT/APBSCT in PNH patients. CD34(+)CD59(+) cells were selected from the bone marrow mononuclear cells in PNH patients by using immunomagnetic positive double sorting. Sublethally irradiated BALB/c mice were transplanted with CD34(+)CD59(+) cells enriched from bone narrow of PNH patients. The results showed that human CD45(+) cells were detected in the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood of the nude mice by flow cytometry and DNA analysis at 6 weeks post-transplant. Blood routine indicators of nude mice were found to recover to some extent, but did not fully recover. It is concluded that ex vivo expanded bone marrow CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria could keep their biological characteristics and ability to reconstruct hemopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice.

Growth, immunophenotype and interleukin-6 level of bone marrow stromal cells in patients with multiple myeloma and acute leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth, immunophenotype and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and multiple myeloma (MM). BMSC was cultured by wall-adhesion method and the growth of BMSC was observed. The immunophenotype and cell cycle of BMSC were detected by flow cytometry. The level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in BMSC culture system was detected by ELISA. The results showed that the primary (17.3 +/- 7.8 days) and continuous (10.3 +/- 3.5 days) growth cycle of BMSC in patients with AL were significantly shorter than those in patients with MM (26.5 +/- 6.3 and 16.5 +/- 4.1 days respectively), and shorter than those in normal controls (25.8 +/- 6.3 and 17.5 +/- 2.4 days) respectively. Similarly, S + G2% (17.4 +/- 3.6%) of BMSC in patients with AL was significantly higher than those in patients with MM (8.5 +/- 2.2%) and in normal controls (8.9 +/- 2.3%). All of the three groups showed positive antigen expressions with CD29 and CD44 were 100%, while CD138, CD34, CD54, CD56 positive were not expressed and CD106 was partially expressed positive. The supernatant IL-6 level of BMSC system in MM patients (1288.5 +/- 736.7 pg/ml) was significantly higher than those in AL patients (859.3 +/- 203.1 pg/ml) and normal controls (850.9 +/- 129.5 pg/ml). It is concluded that the growth, S + G2% of cell cycle and IL-6 level of BMSC in patients with MM, AL and normal control are significantly different, whereas the antigen expressions are similar.

Significance of CD138/syndecan-1 for multiple myeloma immunophenotypes / 中国实验血液学杂志

To establish the method of immunophenotyping testing for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), to analyze the characteristics of antigen expression on myeloma cells, and to purify primary myeloma cells, CD45/side scatter (SSC) gating tri-color immunofluorescence (IF) flow cytometry (FCM) was used to test immunophenotype of 18 patients with MM, 20 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 7 normal controls. Purified primary myeloma cells were obtained by means of anti-CD138 monoclonal antibody and immunomagnetic microbeads. The results showed that myeloma cells displayed a CD45 negative/low positive expression, and SSC was located between nucleated red blood cells and neutrophils. Both CD138 and CD38 were positive while most antigens of T cell, B cell and myeloid cell were negative. Positive rate of CD56 was 83.3% and HLA-DR was 44.4% positive. Compared with MM patients, CD138 was negative and CD38 was 100% positive in AL patients. CD56 was 25% positive. In normal controls, neither CD138 nor CD56 was positive. The positive rate of primary myeloma cells after purification was 73%-95% with a mean of 86%. It is concluded that CD45/SSC gating procedure is a stable and reliable method to detect immunophenotype of MM. CD138 is a correspondingly special antigen for myeloma cells. Highly enriched primary myeloma cells can be obtained by anti-CD138 antibody and immunomagnetic microbeads.

Application of double immunomagnetic positive sorting to ex vivo expansion of marrow CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria / 中国实验血液学杂志

Since flow cytometry was not feasible for sorting a huge amount of cells for clinical use, the method of double immunomagnetic positive sorting was used for selection of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells from bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), which laid the groundwork for clinical ABMT/APBSCT of patients with PNH. Immunomagnetic positive selection was used for two times, the microbeads were removed from the CD34(+) cells selected firstly by means of overnight culture, then the sufficient CD34(+)CD59(+) cells were used for ex vivo expansion. The results showed that the survival, proliferation and colony-forming units of the selected CD34(+)CD59(+) cells by double immunomagnetic positive sorting had no significant difference as compared with that of CD34(+)CD59(+) cells selected by flow cytometry technique. It is suggested that the double immunomagnetic positive sorting promotes the use for separation and purification hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and other cells with double or multiple markers cells for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in PNH patients.

Study of biological characteristics of the CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells from PNH patients' bone marrow / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characteristics of CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) cells from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH) patients' bone marrow and the possible reasons of hematopoietic clonal dominance of PNH clones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells from PNH patients and CD(34)(+) cells from normal control were selected from the bone marrow mononuclear cells by means of immunomagnetic microbead-flow cytometry two step sorting method undergone ex vivo expansion in liquid culture for two weeks and performed semisolid cultures before and after expansion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Cultivation for seven days was the optimum for ex vivo expansion of PNH CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) cells and normal CD(34)(+) cells, both cell populations remained CD(59) positive after expansion. (2) Normal CD(34)(+) cells had higher capacities of proliferation and expansion, and stronger potential to survival than that of both PNH CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and PHN CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells. (3) In terms of semisolid culture, there was no significant difference in the yields of CFU formation between CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells. (4) In liquid culture with combinations of hematopoietic factors SCF + IL-3 + IL-6 + FL + Tpo or SCF + IL-3 + IL-6 + FL + Tpo + Epo, there was no significant difference in the capabilities of survival, proliferation and expansion between CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells; but with combination of SCF + IL-3 + IL-6 + FL + Tpo + Epo + GM-CSF, CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells had better proliferation and expansion capacities and stronger potential to survival than that of CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) Normal CD(34)(+) cells had better proliferation, expansion capacities and stronger potential to survival than that of PNH CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+)cells. (2) In semisolid and liquid culture with hematopoietic factor combinations, there was no significant difference in the capabilities of survival, proliferation and expansion between CD(34)(+) CD(59)(+) and CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells. It was suggested that CD(34)(+) CD(59)(-) cells had no clonal hemotopoiesis dominance. GM-CSF might be one of the reasons for PHN clones to possess clonal hematopoiesis dominance.</p>

Proliferation and anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes and their effect on normal phenotype of autologous bone marrow hematopoietic cells in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria / 中国实验血液学杂志

There is a hypothesis that paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) hematopoitic stem cells are resistant to the cytotoxic effect of T cells because they lack glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins. The aim of this study is to investigate proliferation and anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes in patients with PNH, and also to assay the effect on normal cell (CD59(+)) phenotype in bone marrow of PNH patient by autologous lymphocytes in vitro. MTT assay for detection of lymphocytes proliferation and its anti-tumor effect was driven to delineate T cell reactive function. The CD34(-) and CD34(+) bone marrow cells (selected by means of immunomagnetic method) as well as unsorted marrow cells in PNH patients were cultured together with autologous CD59(+) or CD59(-) lymphocytes, their cultured supernatant, extrinsic IFN-gamma and IL-2 in a liquid culture system. CD59(+) cells were counted by flow cytometry after 10 day culture in vitro. The results showed that there were no differences in the proliferation ability of lymphocytes between each group: controls 1.42 +/- 0.46, unsorted PNH lymphocytes 1.40 +/- 0.35, CD59(-) 1.30 +/- 0.40, and CD59(+) PNH lymphocytes 1.40 +/- 0.42. Anti-tumor effect of lymphocytes declined in PNH patients when compared with control [(50.00 +/- 28.67)% vs. (76.13 +/- 10.15)%]. The proportion of CD59(+) cells diminished significantly after culture with autologous lymphocytes, their supernatant, extrinsic IFN-gamma or IL-2 (P < 0.01) in groups of unsorted, CD34(+) and CD34(-) bone marrow cells. No significant difference was found between groups of CD59(-) and CD59(+) lymphocytes, or CD34(-) and CD34(+) marrow cells. It is concluded that turbulences of immune regulations may be involved in pathogenesis of PNH.

Comparison of capabilities of survival, proliferation and expansion between CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH and CD34+ cells from normal control / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore in vitro expansion of CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH, and compare the capabilities of survival, proliferation and expansion between CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH and CD34+ cells from normal control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH and CD34+ cells from normal control were selected from the bone marrow mononuclear cells by means of two-step sorting method with immunomagnetic microbead-flow cytometry, then underwent in vitro expansion for two weeks and semi-solid culture in vitro before and after expansion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH can be expanded effectively in vitro, and the biggest expansion of CD34+CD59+ cells was about 23.49 fold on the 7th day. (2) There were some similar characteristics between CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH and CD34+ cells from normal control, such as: the best combination of hematopoietic factors for in vitro expansion was SCF+ IL-3 + IL-6 + FL + Tpo + Epo, and the seventh day was the most suitable in course of 4-14 days for in vitro expansion, and after in vitro expansion, the cells remained CD59 positive and strong capability of performing colony-forming. (3) CD34+ cells from normal control had better proliferation, expansion and stronger potential to survive than CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) In vitro expansion of CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH can be performed. The present study showed the possibility of performing ABMT or APBSCT clinically for patients with PNH. (2) There were some similar characteristics between CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH and CD34+ cells from normal control, but the latter had better proliferation, expansion and stronger potential to survive than the former. CD34+CD59+ cells from patients with PNH were not completely normal cells.</p>

The effects of sera from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hematoglobinuria on the growth of CD34(+) cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

To investigate the effects of sera on the growth of single CD34(+) cells from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hematoglobinuria (PNH), sera from both PNH patients and normal individuals were added separately to the single cell culture system and semi-solid colony formation system. The growth of the normal CD34(+) and PNH CD34(+) CD59(+) and CD34(+) CD59(-) cells was evaluated. No growth difference was found for growth of the normal CD34(+) and PNH CD34(+) CD59(+) cells when PNH or normal sera were added to the culture media in either single cell culture or colony formation culture. While no difference was detected for single PNH CD34(+) CD59(-) cells growth when PNH or normal sera were added, more colonies were observed in semi-solid culture with PNH sera. A conclusion was reached that compared with those from normal controls, the sera from PNH patients had no significant influence on single hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from normal subjects and from PNH patients, but the PNH sera might promote the colony formation of the CD34(+) CD59(+) cells in semi-solid culture

The Detection of Clonal IgH Gene Rearrangement in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood from B-NHL Patients and Its Clinic Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

To evaluate the significance of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells with clonal gene rearrangement of the third complementary determining region of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHCDR3) in the diagnosis, clinical staging, determination of treatment effects and prediction of relapse in B-NHL, clonal IgH gene rearrangement of BM from 46 and PB from 38 cases with B-NHL were tested by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (SnPCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before treatment, and ten of them were tested in complete remission after treatment. Results showed that this method was applicable to detecting one clonal IgHCDR3 gene rearrangement positive cell from up to 1 000 normal cells. Specificity of detection was 97%. Clonal IgHCDR3 rearrangement was shown in all 3 cases of BM and 2 of PB specimens with morphologic involvement. The clonal IgHCDR3 was detected in 65.1% of the BM and 44.4% of the PB without morphologic involvement in untreated patients with B-NHL, independent of Ann Arbor staging and systemic symptoms. In 10 cases of B-NHL with clonal IgHCDR3 rearrangement in diagnostic tissues, the molecular marker became negative in 7 patients who entered and remained in complete remission. Two cases relapsed in whom clonal IgHCDR3 rearrangements were detected in serial samples of BM or PB after autologous PBSCT. One patient in whom clonal IgHCDR3 rearrangement was detected at 10 months post-PBSCT remained in complete remission up to now. It was concluded that clonal IgHCDR3 gene rearrangements were found in BM and PB from B-NHL patients without morphologic abnormality. Persistence of molecular marker-positive may be associated with relapse for patients in complete remission, and the patients without clonal IgHCDR3 rearrangement will be in continuous complete remission. Little is known about a few patient who was a long-term disease-free survivor despite the presence of PCR-IgH rearrangement in the marrow.